Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Red Cell Distribution Width

Also written as: RDW

How much your red blood cells vary in size from one another.

What it measures

The variation in size across your red blood cells. A high value means the cells are of noticeably mixed sizes rather than uniform.

Why a doctor orders it

Reported automatically with a CBC. It is most useful read together with MCV, because the combination narrows the possible causes of an anemia further than either does alone.

What is generally associated with a higher result

Increased variation is broadly associated with nutritional deficiencies including iron, B12 and folate, with recent blood transfusion, and with a body actively producing new red cells after blood loss.

What is generally associated with a lower result

A low or typical value simply indicates uniformly sized cells and is generally not pursued on its own.

Everyday things that move this number

Not every shift in a value reflects disease. These are ordinary factors known to affect this particular measurement:

  • Recent transfusion
  • Recovering from a treated deficiency
  • Mixed deficiencies

Questions to take to your appointment

  • How does this read alongside my MCV?

Build a printable questionnaire with your own results →

Where to read more

MedlinePlus, from the US National Library of Medicine, publishes patient-facing pages on individual lab tests and is a reliable next stop: medlineplus.gov/lab-tests .

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